Samantha Zungri

4 Samantha Zungri

  • Bats/Throws:
    L/R
  • Year:
    Jr.
  • Hometown:
    Canal Winchester, OH
  • High School:
    Canal Winchester
  • Position:
    P/INF
  • Major:
    Biology
  • Bats/Throws:
    L/R
app 5
gs 2
w 0
l 0
sv 0
ip 12.0
era 4.67
whip 1.83
k 8

Junior Season (2024):

Sophomore Season (2023):

Appeared in 7 games... Collected 3 strike outs against against Cal Lutheran on 3/9/2023... Finished the season with 6 starts... Matched her career high of 11 strikeouts... ERA of 7.53 and 17.2 innings pitched... Also, played 26 total games with 15 hits, 2 triples, 8 RBI, and a .259 batting average... Collected a .902 fielding percentage

Freshman Season (2022):

Appeared in 20 games... Collected season high of 5 strikeouts against Washington on 3/19/2022... Started a shut-out against Hanover on 3/20/2022 to secure a 4-0 win for the Tigers... Finished the season with 16 starts in the circle and 7 wins... 11 total strikeouts...ERA of 3.82 and 111.2 innings pitched... Also, played 22 total games and had 5 hits, 2 doubles, and 4 RBI

Why Wittenberg?

The campus is so beautiful and everyone is so welcoming. I felt at home, both education wise and with athletics.

High School

3x scholar athlete award... 3x varsity letter... OCC special mention sophomore year... OCC Honorable Mention senior year... Second Team All-District senior year.

Personal

Daughter of Tracy and Sam Zungri

Recent Games
Apr 27 DePauw L, 8-6
Apr 27 DePauw L, 4-2
May 1 Denison L, 3-2
May 1 Denison L, 11-1
May 4 at Oberlin W, 3-0
May 4 at Oberlin W, 4-1
Statistics category Overall Conf
Games 40 14
Plate appearances 109 38
At Bats 95 34
Runs 21 4
Hits 20 9
Doubles 4 2
Triples 2 -
Home Runs - -
Runs Batted In 7 2
Total bases 28 11
Walks 10 3
Hit by pitch 1 -
Strikeouts 26 10
Sacrifice Flies 1 -
Sacrifice Hits 2 1
Hit into double play 1 -
Stolen Bases 17 4
Caught Stealing 1 1
Batting Average .211 .265
On Base Percentage .290 .324
Slugging Percentage .295 .324
Appearances 5 1
Games started 2 1
Wins 0 0
Losses 0 0
Saves 0 0
Complete Games - -
Shutouts - -
Innings Pitched 12.0 3.0
Hits 15 4
Runs 9 0
Earned Runs 8 0
Walks 7 1
Strikeouts 8 1
Strikeouts per Game 4.67 2.33
Doubles Allowed 3 -
Triples Allowed - -
WHIP 1.83 1.67
Home Runs Allows - -
At Bats Against 52 12
Batting Average Against .288 .333
Earned Run Average 4.67 0.00
Wild pitches 4 -
Hit Batters 1 -
Balks - -
Sacrifice Flies Allowed 1 -
Sacrifice Hits Allowed 1 -
Total Chances 118 41
Put Outs 38 12
Assists 64 23
Errors 16 6
Fielding Percentage .864 .854
Double Plays 1 -
Stolen Bases Allowed 5 1
Runners Caught Stealing - -
Runners Caught Stealing Percentage - -
Passed Balls - -
Catcher's Interference - -
Date Opponent Score ab r h 2b 3b hr rbi bb k sb cs
Feb 24 vs. Emory W, 5-4 1 2 0 - - - 0 2 - 1 -
Feb 24 at Maryville (TN) W, 11-9 2 1 1 - - - 0 1 1 1 -
Feb 25 vs. Emory L, 10-2 2 0 0 - - - 0 - - - -
Feb 25 at Maryville (TN) L, 4-3 1 0 0 - - - 0 - 1 - -
Mar 3 vs. Heidelberg W, 7-2 3 1 1 - 1 - 0 - - - -
Mar 3 vs. Penn St.-Behrend L, 3-1 3 0 0 - - - 0 - - - -
Mar 4 vs. Mount Union L, 5-0 2 0 0 - - - 0 - 2 - -
Mar 4 vs. Westminster (Pa.) W, 4-1 1 1 0 - - - 0 - 1 1 -
Mar 6 vs. Wheaton (Ill.) W, 14-0 1 2 1 1 - - 1 1 - 1 -
Mar 6 vs. Buena Vista W, 1-0 3 0 0 - - - 0 - 2 - -
Mar 7 vs. Emmanuel (Mass.) L, 3-0 3 0 0 - - - 0 - 3 - -
Mar 7 vs. Neb. Wesleyan W, 4-3 1 1 0 - - - 0 - - 1 -
Mar 8 vs. Elms W, 11-0 2 2 1 - 1 - 1 1 - - -
Mar 8 vs. Alfred L, 11-3 2 0 0 - - - 0 - 1 - -
Mar 14 at Muskingum L, 7-3 3 1 1 - - - 0 - - 2 -
Mar 14 at Muskingum L, 7-1 3 0 0 - - - 0 - 1 - -
Mar 16 at Marietta L, 4-2 2 1 0 - - - 0 1 - 1 -
Mar 16 vs. Alma W, 3-2 3 0 1 - - - 0 - - 1 -
Mar 17 vs. Alma L, 13-1 2 0 0 - - - 0 - 2 - -
Mar 17 at Marietta W, 13-6 5 4 4 - - - 2 - - 1 -
Mar 23 at Earlham W, 5-2 4 1 0 - - - 0 - 1 1 -
Mar 23 at Earlham L, 4-3 4 0 0 - - - 0 - - - -
Mar 24 Otterbein L, 4-1 1 0 0 - - - 0 1 - - -
Mar 24 Otterbein W, 4-1 3 0 1 1 - - 0 - - 1 -
Mar 25 Capital W, 6-0 2 0 0 - - - 1 - - - -
Mar 25 Capital W, 10-4 2 0 0 - - - 0 - 1 1 -
Apr 9 at Hiram L, 10-2 2 1 1 - - - 0 - 1 1 -
Apr 9 at Hiram L, 7-3 3 0 1 1 - - 2 - - - -
Apr 16 Ohio Wesleyan L, 3-1 2 0 0 - - - 0 - - - -
Apr 16 Ohio Wesleyan W, 7-4 2 0 1 - - - 0 1 - 1 -
Apr 20 Wooster W, 4-3 5 1 2 1 - - 0 - 2 - 1
Apr 20 Wooster W, 4-0 2 0 0 - - - 0 - - - -
Apr 25 at Kenyon W, 4-3 4 0 2 - - - 0 - 1 1 -
Apr 25 at Kenyon W, 4-3 2 0 0 - - - 0 1 - - -
Apr 27 DePauw L, 8-6 2 1 0 - - - 0 1 - - -
Apr 27 DePauw L, 4-2 2 0 0 - - - 0 - 2 - -
May 1 Denison L, 3-2 2 0 0 - - - 0 - 1 - -
May 1 Denison L, 11-1 1 0 0 - - - 0 - - - -
May 4 at Oberlin W, 3-0 2 0 0 - - - 0 - 2 - -
May 4 at Oberlin W, 4-1 3 1 2 - - - 0 - 1 1 -
May 9 at DePauw   - - - - - - - - - - -
Date Opponent Score hbp sf sh tb xbh hdp go fo go/fo pa
Feb 24 vs. Emory W, 5-4 - - - 0 0 - 1 - - 3
Feb 24 at Maryville (TN) W, 11-9 - - - 1 0 - - - - 3
Feb 25 vs. Emory L, 10-2 - - - 0 0 - - 2 - 2
Feb 25 at Maryville (TN) L, 4-3 - - - 0 0 - - - - 1
Mar 3 vs. Heidelberg W, 7-2 - - - 3 1 - 1 1 1.00 3
Mar 3 vs. Penn St.-Behrend L, 3-1 - - - 0 0 - - 2 - 3
Mar 4 vs. Mount Union L, 5-0 - - - 0 0 - - - - 2
Mar 4 vs. Westminster (Pa.) W, 4-1 1 - 1 0 0 - 1 - - 3
Mar 6 vs. Wheaton (Ill.) W, 14-0 - - - 2 1 - - - - 2
Mar 6 vs. Buena Vista W, 1-0 - - - 0 0 - 1 - - 3
Mar 7 vs. Emmanuel (Mass.) L, 3-0 - - - 0 0 - - - - 3
Mar 7 vs. Neb. Wesleyan W, 4-3 - - - 0 0 1 - 1 - 1
Mar 8 vs. Elms W, 11-0 - - - 3 1 - - - - 3
Mar 8 vs. Alfred L, 11-3 - - - 0 0 - 1 - - 2
Mar 14 at Muskingum L, 7-3 - - - 1 0 - - 2 - 3
Mar 14 at Muskingum L, 7-1 - - - 0 0 - 1 1 1.00 3
Mar 16 at Marietta L, 4-2 - - - 0 0 - 1 - - 3
Mar 16 vs. Alma W, 3-2 - - - 1 0 - 1 1 1.00 3
Mar 17 vs. Alma L, 13-1 - - - 0 0 - - - - 2
Mar 17 at Marietta W, 13-6 - - - 4 0 - 1 - - 5
Mar 23 at Earlham W, 5-2 - - - 0 0 - 1 - - 4
Mar 23 at Earlham L, 4-3 - - - 0 0 - 2 1 2.00 4
Mar 24 Otterbein L, 4-1 - - - 0 0 - 1 - - 2
Mar 24 Otterbein W, 4-1 - - - 2 1 - - 2 - 3
Mar 25 Capital W, 6-0 - 1 - 0 0 - 1 2 0.50 3
Mar 25 Capital W, 10-4 - - - 0 0 - - - - 2
Apr 9 at Hiram L, 10-2 - - - 1 0 - - - - 2
Apr 9 at Hiram L, 7-3 - - - 2 1 - 2 - - 3
Apr 16 Ohio Wesleyan L, 3-1 - - - 0 0 - - 2 - 2
Apr 16 Ohio Wesleyan W, 7-4 - - - 1 0 - - 1 - 3
Apr 20 Wooster W, 4-3 - - - 3 1 - 1 - - 5
Apr 20 Wooster W, 4-0 - - 1 0 0 - 1 2 0.50 3
Apr 25 at Kenyon W, 4-3 - - - 2 0 - - 1 - 4
Apr 25 at Kenyon W, 4-3 - - - 0 0 - - 2 - 3
Apr 27 DePauw L, 8-6 - - - 0 0 - - 1 - 3
Apr 27 DePauw L, 4-2 - - - 0 0 - - - - 2
May 1 Denison L, 3-2 - - - 0 0 - 1 - - 2
May 1 Denison L, 11-1 - - - 0 0 - - 1 - 1
May 4 at Oberlin W, 3-0 - - - 0 0 - - - - 2
May 4 at Oberlin W, 4-1 - - - 2 0 - - - - 3
May 9 at DePauw   - - - - - - - - - -
Date Opponent Score gs w l sv ip h r er era whip bb k hr
Feb 24 vs. Emory W, 5-4 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Feb 24 at Maryville (TN) W, 11-9 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Feb 25 vs. Emory L, 10-2 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Feb 25 at Maryville (TN) L, 4-3 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 3 vs. Heidelberg W, 7-2 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 3 vs. Penn St.-Behrend L, 3-1 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 4 vs. Mount Union L, 5-0 0 0 0 0 2.0 2 1 1 3.50 1.50 1 - -
Mar 4 vs. Westminster (Pa.) W, 4-1 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 6 vs. Wheaton (Ill.) W, 14-0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 6 vs. Buena Vista W, 1-0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 7 vs. Emmanuel (Mass.) L, 3-0 0 0 0 0 3.1 4 1 1 2.10 1.50 1 4 -
Mar 7 vs. Neb. Wesleyan W, 4-3 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 8 vs. Elms W, 11-0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 8 vs. Alfred L, 11-3 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 14 at Muskingum L, 7-3 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 14 at Muskingum L, 7-1 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 16 at Marietta L, 4-2 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 16 vs. Alma W, 3-2 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 17 vs. Alma L, 13-1 0 0 0 0 1.2 4 4 4 16.80 3.00 1 2 -
Mar 17 at Marietta W, 13-6 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 23 at Earlham W, 5-2 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 23 at Earlham L, 4-3 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 24 Otterbein L, 4-1 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 24 Otterbein W, 4-1 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 25 Capital W, 6-0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Mar 25 Capital W, 10-4 1 0 0 0 2.0 1 3 2 7.00 2.00 3 1 -
Apr 9 at Hiram L, 10-2 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 9 at Hiram L, 7-3 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 16 Ohio Wesleyan L, 3-1 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 16 Ohio Wesleyan W, 7-4 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 20 Wooster W, 4-3 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 20 Wooster W, 4-0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 25 at Kenyon W, 4-3 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 25 at Kenyon W, 4-3 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 27 DePauw L, 8-6 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
Apr 27 DePauw L, 4-2 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
May 1 Denison L, 3-2 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
May 1 Denison L, 11-1 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
May 4 at Oberlin W, 3-0 0 0 0 0 0.0 - - - 0.00 - - - -
May 4 at Oberlin W, 4-1 1 0 0 0 3.0 4 0 0 0.00 1.67 1 1 -
May 9 at DePauw   - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Date Opponent Score tc po a e fpct dp sba rcs rcs% pb ci
Feb 24 vs. Emory W, 5-4 4 2 1 1 .750 - - - - - -
Feb 24 at Maryville (TN) W, 11-9 3 1 0 2 .333 - - - - - -
Feb 25 vs. Emory L, 10-2 5 2 2 1 .800 - - - - - -
Feb 25 at Maryville (TN) L, 4-3 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - -
Mar 3 vs. Heidelberg W, 7-2 3 2 1 0 1.000 - - - - - -
Mar 3 vs. Penn St.-Behrend L, 3-1 3 1 1 1 .667 - - - - - -
Mar 4 vs. Mount Union L, 5-0 1 0 1 0 1.000 - 1 - - - -
Mar 4 vs. Westminster (Pa.) W, 4-1 2 0 2 0 1.000 - - - - - -
Mar 6 vs. Wheaton (Ill.) W, 14-0 2 0 2 0 1.000 - - - - - -
Mar 6 vs. Buena Vista W, 1-0 3 2 0 1 .667 1 - - - - -
Mar 7 vs. Emmanuel (Mass.) L, 3-0 2 1 1 0 1.000 - 1 - - - -
Mar 7 vs. Neb. Wesleyan W, 4-3 4 1 3 0 1.000 - - - - - -
Mar 8 vs. Elms W, 11-0 1 0 1 0 1.000 - - - - - -
Mar 8 vs. Alfred L, 11-3 2 1 1 0 1.000 - - - - - -
Mar 14 at Muskingum L, 7-3 6 3 2 1 .833 - - - - - -
Mar 14 at Muskingum L, 7-1 1 1 0 0 1.000 - - - - - -
Mar 16 at Marietta L, 4-2 3 2 1 0 1.000 - - - - - -
Mar 16 vs. Alma W, 3-2 6 0 4 2 .667 - - - - - -
Mar 17 vs. Alma L, 13-1 4 0 4 0 1.000 - 1 - - - -
Mar 17 at Marietta W, 13-6 4 2 2 0 1.000 - - - - - -
Mar 23 at Earlham W, 5-2 3 0 2 1 .667 - - - - - -
Mar 23 at Earlham L, 4-3 3 1 2 0 1.000 - - - - - -
Mar 24 Otterbein L, 4-1 2 1 1 0 1.000 - - - - - -
Mar 24 Otterbein W, 4-1 5 1 4 0 1.000 - - - - - -
Mar 25 Capital W, 6-0 4 2 2 0 1.000 - - - - - -
Mar 25 Capital W, 10-4 1 0 1 0 1.000 - 1 - - - -
Apr 9 at Hiram L, 10-2 2 0 1 1 .500 - - - - - -
Apr 9 at Hiram L, 7-3 1 1 0 0 1.000 - - - - - -
Apr 16 Ohio Wesleyan L, 3-1 3 2 1 0 1.000 - - - - - -
Apr 16 Ohio Wesleyan W, 7-4 4 1 3 0 1.000 - - - - - -
Apr 20 Wooster W, 4-3 5 2 3 0 1.000 - - - - - -
Apr 20 Wooster W, 4-0 2 0 2 0 1.000 - - - - - -
Apr 25 at Kenyon W, 4-3 1 0 1 0 1.000 - - - - - -
Apr 25 at Kenyon W, 4-3 5 0 2 3 .400 - - - - - -
Apr 27 DePauw L, 8-6 6 3 2 1 .833 - - - - - -
Apr 27 DePauw L, 4-2 5 3 2 0 1.000 - - - - - -
May 1 Denison L, 3-2 2 0 2 0 1.000 - - - - - -
May 1 Denison L, 11-1 1 0 0 1 .000 - - - - - -
May 4 at Oberlin W, 3-0 4 0 4 0 1.000 - - - - - -
May 4 at Oberlin W, 4-1 0 0 0 0 - - 1 - - - -
May 9 at DePauw   - - - - - - - - - - -
  g ab r h 2b 3b hr rbi bb k sb cs avg obp slg
2021-22 22 27 0 5 2 - - 4 - 11 - - .185 .185 .259
2022-23 26 58 6 15 - 2 - 8 7 13 3 3 .259 .358 .328
2023-24 40 95 21 20 4 2 - 7 10 26 17 1 .211 .290 .295
Total 88 180 27 40 6 4 - 19 17 50 20 4 .222 .299 .300
  g hbp sf sh tb xbh hdp go fo go/fo pa
2021-22 22 - - 1 7 2 - 9 2 4.50 28
2022-23 26 2 - 6 19 2 - 23 11 2.09 73
2023-24 40 1 1 2 28 6 1 19 25 0.76 109
Total 88 3 1 9 54 10 1 51 38 1.34 210
  app gs w l sv cg ip h r er bb k k/7 hr era whip
2021-22 20 16 7 8 0 13 111.2 142 85 61 37 47 2.95 6 3.82 1.60
2022-23 7 6 0 6 0 - 17.2 31 23 19 13 11 4.36 3 7.53 2.49
2023-24 5 2 0 0 0 - 12.0 15 9 8 7 8 4.67 - 4.67 1.83
Total 32 24 7 14 0 13 141.1 188 117 88 57 66 3.27 9 4.36 1.73
  g tc po a e fpct dp sba rcs rcs% pb ci
2021-22 22 38 4 33 1 .974 2 13 9 .409 - -
2022-23 26 92 28 55 9 .902 1 8 - - - -
2023-24 40 118 38 64 16 .864 1 5 - - - -
Total 88 248 70 152 26 .895 4 26 9 .257 - -
  g ab r h 2b 3b hr rbi bb k sb cs avg obp slg
Total 40 95 21 20 4 2 - 7 10 26 17 1 .211 .290 .295
Conference 14 34 4 9 2 - - 2 3 10 4 1 .265 .324 .324
Exhibition - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
-
Home 12 26 2 4 2 - - 1 3 6 3 1 .154 .233 .231
Away 14 40 10 12 1 - - 4 3 9 9 - .300 .349 .325
Neutral 14 29 9 4 1 2 - 2 4 11 5 - .138 .265 .310
-
Wins 21 53 17 17 3 2 - 5 7 12 13 1 .321 .403 .453
Losses 19 42 4 3 1 - - 2 3 14 4 - .071 .133 .095
-
February 4 6 3 1 - - - 0 3 2 2 - .167 .444 .167
March 22 55 14 10 2 2 - 5 4 14 11 - .182 .246 .291
April 10 26 3 7 2 - - 2 3 6 3 1 .269 .345 .346
May 4 8 1 2 - - - 0 - 4 1 - .250 .250 .250
  g hbp sf sh tb xbh hdp go fo go/fo pa
Total 40 1 1 2 28 6 1 19 25 0.76 109
Conference 14 - - 1 11 2 - 5 10 0.50 38
Exhibition - - - - 0 0 - - - - 0
-
Home 12 - 1 1 6 2 - 5 11 0.45 31
Away 14 - - - 13 1 - 8 7 1.14 43
Neutral 14 1 - 1 9 3 1 6 7 0.86 35
-
Wins 21 1 1 2 24 5 1 10 13 0.77 64
Losses 19 - - - 4 1 - 9 12 0.75 45
-
February 4 - - - 1 0 - 1 2 0.50 9
March 22 1 1 1 16 4 1 13 13 1.00 62
April 10 - - 1 9 2 - 4 9 0.44 30
May 4 - - - 2 0 - 1 1 1.00 8
  app gs w l sv cg ip h r er bb k k/7 hr era whip
Total 5 2 0 0 0 - 12.0 15 9 8 7 8 4.67 - 4.67 1.83
Conference 1 1 0 0 0 - 3.0 4 0 0 1 1 2.33 - 0.00 1.67
Exhibition - - - - - - 0.0 - - - - - .00 - 0.00 -
-
Home 1 1 0 0 0 - 2.0 1 3 2 3 1 3.50 - 7.00 2.00
Away 1 1 0 0 0 - 3.0 4 0 0 1 1 2.33 - 0.00 1.67
Neutral 3 0 0 0 0 - 7.0 10 6 6 3 6 6.00 - 6.00 1.86
-
Wins 2 2 0 0 0 - 5.0 5 3 2 4 2 2.80 - 2.80 1.80
Losses 3 0 0 0 0 - 7.0 10 6 6 3 6 6.00 - 6.00 1.86
-
February 0 0 0 0 0 - 0.0 - - - - - .00 - 0.00 -
March 4 1 0 0 0 - 9.0 11 9 8 6 7 5.44 - 6.22 1.89
April 0 0 0 0 0 - 0.0 - - - - - .00 - 0.00 -
May 1 1 0 0 0 - 3.0 4 0 0 1 1 2.33 - 0.00 1.67
  g tc po a e fpct dp sba rcs rcs% pb ci
Total 40 118 38 64 16 .864 1 5 - - - -
Conference 14 41 12 23 6 .854 - 1 - - - -
Exhibition - 0 - - - - - - - - - -
-
Home 12 40 15 23 2 .950 - 1 - - - -
Away 14 36 11 17 8 .778 - 1 - - - -
Neutral 14 42 12 24 6 .857 1 3 - - - -
-
Wins 21 66 16 40 10 .848 1 2 - - - -
Losses 19 52 22 24 6 .885 - 3 - - - -
-
February 4 12 5 3 4 .667 - - - - - -
March 22 65 21 38 6 .908 1 4 - - - -
April 10 34 12 17 5 .853 - - - - - -
May 4 7 0 6 1 .857 - 1 - - - -